Властивості фанери з використанням як клею термопластичної плівки
Ключові слова:
лущений шпон; поліетилен низької густини (ПЕНГ); карбамідо-формальдегідний клей; товщина; вологість; спресування; щільність; водопоглинання; набрякання; міцність на зріз; межа міцності на статичний згин; модуль пружності.
Анотація
Запропоновано використання термопластичної плівки поліетилену низької густини (ПЕНГ) у виробництві фанери замість класичних синтетичних клеїв, що дає змогу одержувати екологічно чистий матеріал. Здатність термопластичної плівки склеювати шпон оцінювали визначенням міцності фанери на зріз. Крім того, були досліджені й інші фізико-механічні властивості фанери, зокрема вологість, водопоглинання і набрякання за товщиною після витримки у воді впродовж 24 год, межа міцності на статичний згин і модуль пружності. Змінними параметрами у дослідженні були температура пресування 140оС, 160оС, 180оС та витрата термопластичної плівки 130 г/м2, 150 г/м2, 170 г/м2 та 190 г/м2. Для порівняння властивостей фанери, виготовленої з термопластичної плівки, було виготовлено фанеру з використанням карбамідо-формальдегідного клею.
Результати показали, що склеювання листів шпону ПЕНГ позитивно впливає на властивості фанери. Міцність на зріз зразків фанери, склеєних термопластичною плівкою, знаходиться в межах 1,46-1,69 МПа, що перевищує нормативне значення міцності в 1,0 МПа згідно стандарту EN 314-2. Температура пресування помітно впливає на проникнення полімеру у клітини та судини шпону. Механічне блокування, яке спостерігалося за час випробування зразків фанери на зріз, утворюється між неполярною плівкою і полярною деревиною. Крім того, з’ясовано розподіл температури всередині пакета шпону за різної витрати та виду клею. Оптимальними умовами для склеювання листів шпону у виробництві фанери, враховуючи товщину фанери та економічні затрати, є температура пресування 160оС та витрата термопластичної плівки 130 г/м2.
Посилання
Adhesives awareness guide (2017). American wood council. Available at http://www.woodaware.info
Beaud, F., Niemz, P., & Pizzi, A. (2006). Structure-property relationships in one-component polyurethane adhesives for wood: Sensitivity to low moisture con-tent. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 101, 4181-4192. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24334
Bekhta, P., & Sedliačik, J. (2019). Environmentally-Friendly High-Density Polyeth-ylene-Bonded Plywood Panels. Polymers (Basel), 11 (7), 1166, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071166
Borysiuk, P., Mamiński, M. Ł., Parzuchowski, P., & Zado, A. (2010). Application of polystyrene as binder for veneers bonding – the effect of pressing parameters. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 68 (4), 487-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0418-x
Chang, L., Guo, W., & Tang, Q. (2017). Assessing the tensile shear strength and in-terfacial bonding mechanism of poplar plywood with high-density polyethylene films as adhesive. BioResourees, 12 (1), 571-585. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.571-585
Climenhage, D. (2003). Recycled Plastic Lumber. A strategic Assessment of its pro-duction, use and future prospects. Ontario: Environment & Plastics Industry Council
Cui, T., Song, K., & Zhang, S. (2010). Research on utilizing recycled plastic to make environment-friendly plywood. Forestry Studies in China, 2 (4), 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s 11632-0 1 0-040 1-y
Fang, L., Chang, L., Guo, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, Z. (2012). Manufacture of envi-ronmentally friendly plywood bonded with plastic film. Forest Products Journal, 63 (7/8), 283-288. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-12-00062
Fang. L., Chang, L., Guo, W., Ren, Y., & Wang, Z. (2013). Preparation and charac-terization of wood-plastic plywood bonded with high density polyethylene film. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 71, 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0733-0
FAO. Global Production and Trade of Forest Products in 2017. Available online: http://www.fao.org/forestry/ statistics/80938/en/ (accessed on 19 January 2019)
Goto, T., Saiki, H., & Onishi, H. (1982). Studies on wood gluing. XIII: Gluability and scanning electron microscopic study of wood-polypropylene bonding. Wood Sci. Technol, 16, 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353157
Gupalo, O. P. (1993). Wood Chemistry. Kyiv: NMKVO. (in Ukrainian).
Haghdan, S., Tannert, T., & Smith, G. (2015). Wettability and impact performance of wood veneer/polyester composites. BioResources, 10 (3), 5633-5654. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.3.5633-5654
Han, K-S., & Lee, H-H. (1997). Adhesion characteristics and anatomic scanning of plywood bonded by high density polyethylene. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 25 (3), 16-23 (in Korea).
Hu, Y., Nakao, T., Nakai, T., Gu, J., & Wang, F. (2005). Vibrational properties of wood plastic plywood. Journal of Wood Science, 51 (1), 13-17. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10086-003-0624-9
Kajaks, J., Kalniņš, K., Reihmane, S., & Bernava, A. (2014). Recycled thermoplastic polymer hot melts utilization for birch wood veneer bonding. Progress in Rub-ber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 30 (2), 87-102 https://doi.org/10.1177/147776061403000202
Liiri, M. (2013). Properties of a new thermoplastic plywood product. School of Chemical Technology Degree Programme of Forest Products Technolo-gy. Master’s thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Technology submitted for inspection, Espoo, 110 p.
Lustosa, ECB, Del Menezzi, CHS, & de Melo, R.R. (2015). Production and proper-ties of a new wood laminated veneer/high-density polyethylene composite board. Materials Research, 18 (5), 994-999. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.010615
The basic industrial products manufacture (2000–2018). Express issue. State Statis-tics Service of Ukraine. Available at http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian).
Matsi, M., Rohumaa, A., Piirlaid, M., Hughes, M., & Meier, P. (2010). Assessing the potential of furan polymer-based resin development in bonded veneer processing factors on adhesive bond strength. Proceedings of the 6th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network In Wood Material Science And Engineering (WSE). Tallinn: Estonia
Piirlaid, M., Rohumaa, A., Matsi, M., Hughes, M., & Meier, P. (2010). Effect of birch veneer processing factors on adhesive bond strength development. Proceedings of the 6th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network In Wood Material Science And Engineering (WSE). Tallinn: Estonia
Smith, M.J., Dai, H., & Ramani, K. (2002). Wood–thermoplastic adhesive interface–method of characterization and results. International Journal of Adhesion & Ad-hesives, 22 (3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(01)00055-0
Song, W., Wenbang, W., Congrong, R., & Shuangbao, Z. (2016). Developing and evaluating composites based on plantation eucalyptus rotary-cut veneer and high-density polyethylene film as novel building materials. BioResources, 11 (2), 3318-3331. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.3318-3331
Song, W., Wenbang, W., Xuefei, L., & Shuangbao, Z. (2017). Utilization of polypro-pylene film as an adhesive to prepare formaldehyde-free, weather-resistant ply-wood-like composites: Process optimization, performance evaluation, and inter-face modification. BioResources, 12 (1), 228-254. https://doi.org/ 10.15376/biores.12.1.228-254
Sorensen, R., & Ky, L. (1933). Dry film gluing in plywood manufacture. The Ameri-can Society of Mechanical Engineers, 37-48.
Suberliak O. V. & Bashtannik P. I. (2006). The polymeric and composite materials processing technology. Kyiv: ISDO (in Ukrainian).
World Health Organization. (2004). IARC classifies formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available at www.iarc.fr/ENG/Press-Releases/archives/pr153a
Yorur, H. (2016). Utilization of waste polyethylene and its effects on physical and mechanical properties of oriented strand board. BioResources, 11 (1), 2483-2491. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.2483-2491
Zike, S., & Kalnins, K. (2011). Enhanced impact absorption properties of plywood. Civil Engineering’ 11 3rd International Scientific Conference Proceedings, Vol. 3, 125-130. Jelgava, Latvia: University of Agriculture
TU U 33.2-30291682-002 (2004). The “Microtech” Micrometers. Technical сondi-tions of the private research and production enterprise company “Mikroteh”: Kharkiv, Ukraine (in Russian).
GOST 15139 (1969). Plastics. Density determination methods (mass density); The state standard of the USSR: Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
GOST 21553 (1976). Plastics. Plastics. Melting temperature determination methods; An International standard: Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
EN 323 (1993). Wood-Based Panels-Determination of Density; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 310 (1993). Wood-Based Panels-Determination of Modulus of Elasticity in Bend-ing and of Bending Strength; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 314-1 (2004). Plywood-Bonding Quality-Part 1: Test Methods; European Com-mittee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 314-2 (1993). Plywood-Bonding Quality-Part 2: Requirements; European Com-mittee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 317 (1993). Particleboards and Fibreboards. Determination of Swelling in Thick-ness after Immersion in Water; European Committee for Standardization: Brus-sels, Belgium
EN 315 (2000). Plywood. Tolerances for Dimensions; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
Beaud, F., Niemz, P., & Pizzi, A. (2006). Structure-property relationships in one-component polyurethane adhesives for wood: Sensitivity to low moisture con-tent. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 101, 4181-4192. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24334
Bekhta, P., & Sedliačik, J. (2019). Environmentally-Friendly High-Density Polyeth-ylene-Bonded Plywood Panels. Polymers (Basel), 11 (7), 1166, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071166
Borysiuk, P., Mamiński, M. Ł., Parzuchowski, P., & Zado, A. (2010). Application of polystyrene as binder for veneers bonding – the effect of pressing parameters. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 68 (4), 487-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0418-x
Chang, L., Guo, W., & Tang, Q. (2017). Assessing the tensile shear strength and in-terfacial bonding mechanism of poplar plywood with high-density polyethylene films as adhesive. BioResourees, 12 (1), 571-585. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.571-585
Climenhage, D. (2003). Recycled Plastic Lumber. A strategic Assessment of its pro-duction, use and future prospects. Ontario: Environment & Plastics Industry Council
Cui, T., Song, K., & Zhang, S. (2010). Research on utilizing recycled plastic to make environment-friendly plywood. Forestry Studies in China, 2 (4), 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s 11632-0 1 0-040 1-y
Fang, L., Chang, L., Guo, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, Z. (2012). Manufacture of envi-ronmentally friendly plywood bonded with plastic film. Forest Products Journal, 63 (7/8), 283-288. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-12-00062
Fang. L., Chang, L., Guo, W., Ren, Y., & Wang, Z. (2013). Preparation and charac-terization of wood-plastic plywood bonded with high density polyethylene film. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 71, 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0733-0
FAO. Global Production and Trade of Forest Products in 2017. Available online: http://www.fao.org/forestry/ statistics/80938/en/ (accessed on 19 January 2019)
Goto, T., Saiki, H., & Onishi, H. (1982). Studies on wood gluing. XIII: Gluability and scanning electron microscopic study of wood-polypropylene bonding. Wood Sci. Technol, 16, 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353157
Gupalo, O. P. (1993). Wood Chemistry. Kyiv: NMKVO. (in Ukrainian).
Haghdan, S., Tannert, T., & Smith, G. (2015). Wettability and impact performance of wood veneer/polyester composites. BioResources, 10 (3), 5633-5654. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.3.5633-5654
Han, K-S., & Lee, H-H. (1997). Adhesion characteristics and anatomic scanning of plywood bonded by high density polyethylene. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 25 (3), 16-23 (in Korea).
Hu, Y., Nakao, T., Nakai, T., Gu, J., & Wang, F. (2005). Vibrational properties of wood plastic plywood. Journal of Wood Science, 51 (1), 13-17. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10086-003-0624-9
Kajaks, J., Kalniņš, K., Reihmane, S., & Bernava, A. (2014). Recycled thermoplastic polymer hot melts utilization for birch wood veneer bonding. Progress in Rub-ber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 30 (2), 87-102 https://doi.org/10.1177/147776061403000202
Liiri, M. (2013). Properties of a new thermoplastic plywood product. School of Chemical Technology Degree Programme of Forest Products Technolo-gy. Master’s thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Technology submitted for inspection, Espoo, 110 p.
Lustosa, ECB, Del Menezzi, CHS, & de Melo, R.R. (2015). Production and proper-ties of a new wood laminated veneer/high-density polyethylene composite board. Materials Research, 18 (5), 994-999. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.010615
The basic industrial products manufacture (2000–2018). Express issue. State Statis-tics Service of Ukraine. Available at http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian).
Matsi, M., Rohumaa, A., Piirlaid, M., Hughes, M., & Meier, P. (2010). Assessing the potential of furan polymer-based resin development in bonded veneer processing factors on adhesive bond strength. Proceedings of the 6th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network In Wood Material Science And Engineering (WSE). Tallinn: Estonia
Piirlaid, M., Rohumaa, A., Matsi, M., Hughes, M., & Meier, P. (2010). Effect of birch veneer processing factors on adhesive bond strength development. Proceedings of the 6th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network In Wood Material Science And Engineering (WSE). Tallinn: Estonia
Smith, M.J., Dai, H., & Ramani, K. (2002). Wood–thermoplastic adhesive interface–method of characterization and results. International Journal of Adhesion & Ad-hesives, 22 (3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7496(01)00055-0
Song, W., Wenbang, W., Congrong, R., & Shuangbao, Z. (2016). Developing and evaluating composites based on plantation eucalyptus rotary-cut veneer and high-density polyethylene film as novel building materials. BioResources, 11 (2), 3318-3331. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.3318-3331
Song, W., Wenbang, W., Xuefei, L., & Shuangbao, Z. (2017). Utilization of polypro-pylene film as an adhesive to prepare formaldehyde-free, weather-resistant ply-wood-like composites: Process optimization, performance evaluation, and inter-face modification. BioResources, 12 (1), 228-254. https://doi.org/ 10.15376/biores.12.1.228-254
Sorensen, R., & Ky, L. (1933). Dry film gluing in plywood manufacture. The Ameri-can Society of Mechanical Engineers, 37-48.
Suberliak O. V. & Bashtannik P. I. (2006). The polymeric and composite materials processing technology. Kyiv: ISDO (in Ukrainian).
World Health Organization. (2004). IARC classifies formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available at www.iarc.fr/ENG/Press-Releases/archives/pr153a
Yorur, H. (2016). Utilization of waste polyethylene and its effects on physical and mechanical properties of oriented strand board. BioResources, 11 (1), 2483-2491. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.2483-2491
Zike, S., & Kalnins, K. (2011). Enhanced impact absorption properties of plywood. Civil Engineering’ 11 3rd International Scientific Conference Proceedings, Vol. 3, 125-130. Jelgava, Latvia: University of Agriculture
TU U 33.2-30291682-002 (2004). The “Microtech” Micrometers. Technical сondi-tions of the private research and production enterprise company “Mikroteh”: Kharkiv, Ukraine (in Russian).
GOST 15139 (1969). Plastics. Density determination methods (mass density); The state standard of the USSR: Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
GOST 21553 (1976). Plastics. Plastics. Melting temperature determination methods; An International standard: Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
EN 323 (1993). Wood-Based Panels-Determination of Density; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 310 (1993). Wood-Based Panels-Determination of Modulus of Elasticity in Bend-ing and of Bending Strength; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 314-1 (2004). Plywood-Bonding Quality-Part 1: Test Methods; European Com-mittee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 314-2 (1993). Plywood-Bonding Quality-Part 2: Requirements; European Com-mittee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
EN 317 (1993). Particleboards and Fibreboards. Determination of Swelling in Thick-ness after Immersion in Water; European Committee for Standardization: Brus-sels, Belgium
EN 315 (2000). Plywood. Tolerances for Dimensions; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium
Опубліковано
2019-12-26
Як цитувати
Bekhta, P., & Kusniak, I. (2019). Властивості фанери з використанням як клею термопластичної плівки. Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, (19), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.15421/411943
Розділ
РЕСУРСООЩАДНІ ТА ЕКОЛОГОБЕЗПЕЧНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДЕРЕВООБРОБКИ
